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Total Growth and Population Population By Age And Gender Geographic Distribution Basic services Education Health care Total Mexico country Population, 2000 Socioeconomic Levels Update Total Growth and Population According to the results of the 1997 National Survey of Demographic Dynamics (ENADID 1997), in October of this year the Mexican population reached a total of 93.7 million inhabitants, continuing to be the eleventh most populated country in the world. Considering these results, the annual demographic growth rate of the country during of period 1995 - 1997 was approximately 1.4%, showing a continued decrease in the growth rate. If this rate persists, the Mexican population will double in 49.9 years. Population By Age And Gender By age, the Mexican population is still young, despite the downward trend of the relative weigth of the youngest age groups. Thus, in 1997, the proportion of people under 15 years of age was 34.9%, whereas in 1970, it was 46.2%. Similary, the median age in 1997 was 22 years compared to 16 years in 1970. On the other hand, the proportion of individuals 65 years and older is still less, accounting for approximately 4.9% in 1997. Nevertheless, this figure is greater than that of 1970 when it was 3.7%. In regard to gender, there is an almost balanced situation, as men accounted for 48.7% of the population in 1997, vis-a-vis women who represented 51.3% of the total population. Nevertheless, in the age groups, differences are reflected both in a greater numbers of male births and male deaths, as well as in terms of gender and age in international migration. In this context, it is important to underscore that there are more young males that young females, contrary to what occurs in older age groups. Geographic Distribution The nation´s population density in 1997 was 48 people per square kilometer. Nevertheless, the population density in the 32 states of the union varies considerably, ranging from very low rates in the states of Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Sonora, Campeche, Durango and Coahuila, having under 15 inhabitants per square kilometer, to high densities in the Federal District and the State of Mexico where there are 5 587 and 571 inhabitants per square kilometer, respectively. This diversity is derived from the significant differences both in population and in the surface area of the states. The population is concentrated in large urban centers and also scattered in smaller towns. In the first case, there are metropolitan cities such as Mexico, Guadalajara and Monterrey which make up 2% of the national territory, yet 25% of the total population of the country lives in these cities. At the other extreme, a little over one-fourth of the population lives in rural areas having under 2 500 inhabitants which was the case of over 95% of all towns in 1990. Basic services Acording to the ENADID 97, Mexico registered 21 million households, which, 78.2% have drainage, 88.1% have running water and 94.5% have electricity.
Territory and Population
2.Qualitative Description of Socioeconomic Levels LEVEL A/B This stratum contains the population with the highest lifestyle and income levels in Mexico. EDUCATIONAL PROFILE OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD In this segment, the head of the household has on the average a college degree or higher. A/B heads of household work as businessmen in large or medium-sized businesses (in industry, commerce and services); as managers, directors or outstanding professionals. They normally work in the country's important companies or are independent professionals. HOUSING PROFILE Persons pertaining to the high level live in their own luxury condominiums or houses; most have at least three or four bedrooms, two or three bathrooms, living room, dining room, breakfast room, kitchen, servant's room and study or TV room. In addition, most of these properties have their own yard and at least two covered parking spaces. At this level, housewives have one or more live-in servants plus one part-time servant. The children of these families attend the most expensive or well-known private schools in Mexico, or schools abroad. POSSESSIONS Both the housewife and the head of the household normally own new cars, sometimes luxury or imported automobiles, and tend to trade in their cars approximately every two years. These cars are usually insured. Their house has all the comforts and luxuries: at least two telephones, a modular sound system and CD player, at least two color television sets, Cablevision or Multivision channel systems (sometimes a satellite dish antenna), a VCR, microwave oven and washing machine (automatic, with cycles). One out of two of these homes has a clothes dryer, dishwasher and/or personal computer. SERVICES In terms of banking services, these individuals have at least one checking account (usually the head of the household) and more than two credit cards, as well as life insurance and/or major medical insurance. ENTERTAINMENT/PASTIMES Individuals of this level normally go to private clubs. They tend to have a weekend house or time-sharing. In addition, more than one-half of high-level persons have traveled by air during the past six months and take vacations at luxury tourist spots; at least once a year they travel abroad, and vacation within Mexico several times each year. MONTHLY FAMILY INCOME At least 50,000 pesos. TYPICAL NEIGHBORHOODS Bosques de las Lomas, Pedregal de San Angel, San Angel Inn, Tecamachalco, La Herradura, Villa Verdún. LEVEL C+ Considered in this segment are individuals with incomes or lifestyles slightly higher than middle levels. EDUCATIONAL PROFILE OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD Most of the heads of the household in these homes have a college degree, or very seldom only a high school diploma. The heads of household tend to have the following occupations: businessmen in small or medium-sized companies, managers or secondary executives in large companies, or independent professionals. HOUSING PROFILE Level C+ persons own their houses or condominiums, which have two or three bedrooms, one or two bathrooms, a living room, dining room, kitchen, a study or TV room and/or a small servant's room. Approximately one-half of these homes has its own yard. One out of every two houses (or fewer) has servants. The children are educated in private elementary and secondary schools, and with great effort finish their education at expensive or well-known private universities. POSSESSIONS The housewife and head of the household (or at least one of the two) own an automobile, although not as luxurious as those in the high level. They usually have a family car and a compact car. Normally, only one of the cars is insured. Their house has all the comforts and some luxuries: at least two telephones, a modular sound system (many times with a CD player), two color television sets and a VCR. One out of every two houses has a microwave oven, and slightly more than one-half have a washing machine (automatic, with cycles). At this level, housewives tend to have a wide variety of electrical appliances. SERVICES In terms of banking services, persons from level C+ have a couple of credit cards, mostly for use within Mexico, although they may have an international card. ENTERTAINMENT/PASTIMES The persons who pertain to this segment go to private clubs, an important element in social interaction. Vacations are generally taken within Mexico, and travel outside the country occurs once a year at the most. FAMILY MONTHLY INCOME From 21,000 pesos to 49,000 pesos. TYPICAL NEIGHBORHOODS Satélite, Colonia del Valle, Irrigación, Nápoles LEVEL C This segment includes individuals with middle-level incomes or lifestyles. EDUCATIONAL PROFILE OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD The heads of the household in these homes normally have a high school education and tend to work as small businessmen, government employees, salesmen, schoolteachers, technicians and skilled laborers. HOUSING PROFILE The housing of Level C individuals is an owned or rented house or condominium, with an average of two bedrooms, one bathroom, living room, dining room and kitchen. At times, the children complete their basic education (elementary and secondary) at private schools, and finish their education at public schools. POSSESSIONS Class C homes have only one automobile for the entire family, a compact or unequipped car, not a recent model, and almost never insured. There are some comforts in the house: a telephone, modular sound system, two television sets and a VCR. SERVICES In terms of banking instruments, some have a credit card for use within Mexico, and uncommonly, an international card. ENTERTAINMENT/PASTIMES Outstanding within this group's principal pastimes are movies, public parks and music events. These families take vacations within Mexico, and go approximately once a year to affordable tourist locations (not luxurious). FAMILY MONTHLY INCOME From 6,000 pesos to 20,000 pesos. TYPICAL NEIGHBORHOODS Prados del Rosario, Real del Moral, Avante, Santa María la Rivera LEVEL D+ This segment includes individuals with incomes or lifestyles slightly below the middle level; in other words, this level has the best conditions among the low levels (and is therefore known as the upper low or D+). EDUCATIONAL PROFILE OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD The head of the household in these homes has a junior high school or elementary school education, on the average. Occupations include taxi drivers (who own the taxi), merchants with a set or movable place of business (plumbers, carpenters, fresh juice preparers), household chauffeurs, messengers, collections agents, etc. HOUSING PROFILE People pertaining to this level mostly own their housing, although some rent. They have one or two bedrooms, one bathroom, living/dining and kitchen. In comparison with upper levels, where all homes have water heaters, only two out of every three D+ homes have hot water. Some housing is low-interest. The children attend public schools. POSSESSIONS These homes do not usually own an automobile, and use public transportation. They have one telephone, one color television set, and an inexpensive modular sound system. One-half of these homes has a VCR. SERVICES Their banking services are few and are basically savings accounts, debit cards or accounts, and infrequently, credit cards for use within Mexico. ENTERTAINMENT/PASTIMES Individuals of this level generally attend shows organized by their precinct and/or the government, and use public sports facilities and public parks. FAMILY MONTHLY INCOME From 4,000 to 5,000 pesos. TYPICAL NEIGHBORHOODS Anáhuac, Federal LEVEL D Level D consists of persons with an austere lifestyle and low income. EDUCATIONAL PROFILE OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD The head of the household in these homes has an elementary education on the average (most have completed elementary school). This person works as a laborer, maintenance worker, counter employee, public transport driver, assembly worker, etc. HOUSING PROFILE Level D housing includes owned or rented houses or condominiums with only one bedroom, a bathroom, living/dining room and kitchen. One-half of these homes or fewer has a VCR and/or water heater. Housing is mostly low-interest or fixed-rent (cheap multifamily dwellings). The children attend public schools. POSSESSIONS Persons at this level tend to use public transportation, and if they own a car, it is several years old. Most homes have a television, VCR and/or a cheap modular sound system. SERVICES It can be stated that level D individuals have practically no type of banking instruments. ENTERTAINMENT/PASTIMES They visit public parks and infrequently, amusement parks. They tend to organize parties with their neighbors. Their vacation is taken with a tour group, once a year, to their place of origin or to visit relatives. FAMILY MONTHLY INCOME From 1,500 pesos to 3,000 TYPICAL NEIGHBORHOODS Guerrero, Pedregal de Santa Ursula, Infonavit Norte (Cuauhtitlán Ixcalli). LEVEL E Level E consists of the individuals who have the lowest income and lifestyles throughout the country. EDUCATION PROFILE OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD On the average, the head of the household has attended elementary school without finishing, and generally is under-employed or employed part-time. HOUSING PROFILE These individuals usually do not own their housing (especially in Mexico City) and tend to rent or use other resources for obtaining housing (squatters, for example). More than one generation tend to live in one home. On the average, their housing has two rooms that are used for all activities (sleeping, eating, etc.). Most do not have their own bathroom (within the home). They have no hot water (water heater) or sewer. Roofs are made of sheet iron and/or asbestos and there are often dirt floors. Their children rarely attend school (public) and have a high drop-out rate. POSSESSIONS These homes are very austere; in fact, only two out of every three have a refrigerator (all other levels without exceptions have a refrigerator, although simple); a television is owned, a radio, and cooking is done on burners that operate with gas cylinders. SERVICES This level has neither banking services nor its own transportation. ENTERTAINMENT/PASTIMES Entertainment is basically radio and television. FAMILY MONTHLY INCOME Under 1,500 pesos. TYPICAL NEIGHBORHOODS La Garita, El Molinito, La Soledad, San Salvador, San Pablo, Los Reyes. These 13 variables are listed as follows: 1. Highest education level obtained by head of the household. 2. Number of light bulbs at home. 3. Number of rooms at home without taking bathrooms into account. 4. Numbers of bathrooms with showers within the home. Households with the following possessions: 5. Automobiles (fully owned or in process of being paid for). 6. Hot water heater. 7. Type of floor (cement or some other material). 8. Vacuum cleaner. 9. Personal computer (PC). 10. Microwave oven. 11. Washing machine. 12. Bread toaster. 13. Video recorder (VCR). The aforementioned variables allow us to determine the following six different socioeconomic levels: A/B: HIGH CLASS - Includes the population segments that enjoy the highest standard of living. The profile of the head of family of these households is basically made up by individuals whose educational level includes a bachelor's degree or higher. The homes of this segment are usually luxurious houses or apartments including all services and comforts. C+: MEDIUM HIGH CLASS - This segment includes those whose incomes and/or living standards are slightly higher that those from the middle class. The profile of the head of family in these households is made up by individuals whose educational level includes a bachelor's degree or, very rarely, only have studied high school. The households pertaining to this segment are owned houses or apartments having all comforts and some of them are luxurious. C: MEDIUM CLASS - This segment is made up by what is typically called the middle level segment. The profile of the head of family of these households is represented by individuals who mainly have an educational level of high school. The households pertaining to this segment are houses or apartments, either owned or rented, having certain comforts. D+: MEDIUM LOW CLASS - This segment includes those households whose incomes and/or life styles are slightly lower than those from the middle class. This means that they lead a better life style within the low class. The profile of the head of family in these households is made up by individuals with an educational level of secondary or elementary school, completed. The households pertaining to this segment are mostly owned, although some people rent them or they are of social welfare. D: LOW CLASS - This is the middle segment of the low classes. The profile of the head of family of these households is made up by individuals with a general educational level of elementary school on the average (completed in most cases). The households pertaining to this segment are either owned or rented (it is easy to find the tenement house type), and are mostly of social welfare or have fixed rents. E: LOWEST CLASS - (Rarely included in market research studies). This is the lowest segment of the population. The profile of the head of family of these households is made up by individuals having an educational level reaching elementary school without it being completed. These people do not own a place and have to either rent it or use other means to have one. More than one generation lives in these households and they are totally austere. |
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